When assessing infertility, healthcare providers may recommend a series of tests to identify potential causes and guide appropriate treatment. Infertility testing is often a collaborative effort between gynecologists, urologists, endocrinologists, and reproductive specialists. Here are some common tests for infertility:

For Women:

1. Ovulation Monitoring:

   • Purpose: To determine if and when ovulation is occurring.
   • Methods: Basal body temperature charting, ovulation predictor kits, and transvaginal ultrasound.

2. Hormone Testing:

   • Purpose: To evaluate hormonal balance crucial for fertility.
   • Tests: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, thyroid function tests, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).

3. Hysterosalpingography (HSG):

   • Purpose: To assess the structure of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
   • Method: X-ray imaging with a contrast dye injected into the uterus.

4. Transvaginal Ultrasound:

   • Purpose: To visualize the uterus, ovaries, and follicle development.
   • Method: Ultrasound probe inserted into the vagina for detailed imaging.

5. Ovarian Reserve Testing:

   • Purpose: To estimate the quantity and quality of a woman’s eggs.
   • Tests: AMH levels, antral follicle count (AFC), and day 3 FSH and estradiol levels.

6. Hysteroscopy:

   • Purpose: To visually inspect the inside of the uterus for abnormalities.
   • Method: A thin, lighted tube (hysteroscope) is inserted through the cervix.

7. Endometrial Biopsy:

   • Purpose: To assess the uterine lining’s receptivity for implantation.
   • Method: A small sample of the uterine lining is obtained for examination.

For Men:

1. Semen Analysis:

   • Purpose: To evaluate the quantity and quality of sperm.
   • Tests: Sperm count, motility, morphology, and other parameters.

2. Hormone Testing:

   • Purpose: To assess hormonal balance impacting sperm production.
   • Tests: Testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin levels.

3. Scrotal Ultrasound:

   • Purpose: To examine the testicles for structural abnormalities.
   • Method: Ultrasound imaging of the scrotum.

4. Genetic Testing:

   • Purpose: To identify genetic factors affecting fertility.
   • Tests: Karyotyping, Y chromosome microdeletion analysis.

5. Testicular Biopsy:

   • Purpose: To evaluate sperm production and identify causes of male infertility.
   • Method: A small sample of testicular tissue is examined.

Additional Tests:

1. Pelvic Laparoscopy:

   • Purpose: To diagnose and treat conditions such as endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.
   • Method: A minimally invasive surgical procedure using a laparoscope.

2. Immunological Tests:

   • Purpose: To investigate immune system factors affecting fertility.

3. Thyroid Function Tests:

   • Purpose: To assess thyroid hormone levels, which can impact fertility.

Infertility is a complex issue, and tests may vary based on individual circumstances. A thorough evaluation by healthcare professionals is essential for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plans. Couples experiencing infertility are encouraged to seek guidance from fertility specialists or reproductive endocrinologists.